As the constitutional court of the state of Hesse, the Hessian State Court, which consists of a president and ten other members, is responsible for disputes between organs in which the state parliament and the state government argue about the scope of their respective rights and duties.

It decides on charges against a member of the state government, so-called ministerial charges, on the abstract review of standards, in which state law is reviewed for its compatibility with the Hessian constitution, on the concrete review of standards, in which a court has the constitutionality of a law reviewed as part of ongoing proceedings, on the decision in referendum, petition for a referendum and referendum proceedings, on the deprivation of rights under the constitution and on the constitutional complaint by any person, the so-called fundamental rights complaint, insofar as this is not a subsidiary federal constitutional complaint, and on the constitutional complaint or fundamental rights complaint by municipalities. Fundamental rights action by municipalities.

The structure of the Hessian State Court, its jurisdiction and the procedure are regulated in Articles 130 to 133 of the Hessian Constitution and in the Law on the State Court (StGHG) in the version dated 19.01.2001 (GVBI. I 2001, 78). The Hessian State Court of Justice has its seat in Wiesbaden in the two buildings at Luisenstraße 9 and 11, which are directly adjacent to the Hessian Ministry of Justice.

There is a state prosecutor's office at the Hessian State Court of Justice. As a public plaintiff, it can also initiate proceedings itself and participate in all proceedings. The state prosecutor and his deputy are appointed by the state parliament for the duration of its term of office; they must be qualified to hold judicial office and are not bound by any instructions in their work.