According to an instruction issued by the Duchy of Nassau state government on 28.02.1826, deaf and dumb children of school age were to be registered and educated at the "Deaf and Dumb Institute" in Camberg. Blind children were also registered from 1838. In 1864, a separate school for the blind opened on the Riederberg. In the years that followed, care was also extended to other disadvantaged children.

In 1904, the first class of an "auxiliary school for weakly gifted children" opened. By the 1909/10 school year, six auxiliary classes were housed in the school on Schulberg; from 1912/13, this auxiliary school was an independent institution with its own budget. In 1920/21 there were 174 pupils in six classes. On October 15, 1930, the school was moved to the building of the former secondary school at Luisenstraße 28.

During the Nazi era, the municipal auxiliary school was subjected to increasing reprisals; in 1938 it lost its own building and was housed in the Blücherschule in October. On February 18, 1942, the "Reich-wide regulation of the auxiliary school system" was ordered in the National Socialist spirit. This amounted to the destruction of the auxiliary school system. Nevertheless, contrary to the intentions of those in power, the municipal auxiliary school was able to maintain its number of pupils. In 1944/45, 210 pupils were counted. In the night of February 2 to 3, 1945, an air raid destroyed the previous school building. Classes were resumed on 10.08.1945. In the 1949/50 school year, 369 "auxiliary pupils" were taught in twelve classes, four of which were in Biebrich.

This was followed on October 14 by the establishment of two new auxiliary school classes in Mainz-Kostheim, which were initially administered by the auxiliary school in Wiesbaden. Due to the destruction of the building, this had to move to the Realgymnasium on Oranienstraße, and from 1955 to the Mädchen-Hebbelschule. In October, the auxiliary school was given the name "August-Hermann-Francke-Schule". On 01.02.1960, the school moved into a new building on Hollerbornstraße.

In April 1963, a second special school for the learning disabled was founded. In 1969, it moved into its own premises on the Atzelberg opposite the old cemetery and in 1972 into a new building on Comeniusstrasse. The first "auxiliary classes" were also established in Biebrich in 1921. The auxiliary school there was co-administered from Wiesbaden from 1934. After the war, it regained its independence in 1950 and was housed in the old Freiherr-vom-Stein-Schule in 1951. Practically educated students were also assigned to this school with two classes. This developed into the "Ludwig-Richter-Schule", a special school for learning assistance, which was closed in 1991. The pupils were largely assigned to the Comenius School.

The "Albert-Schweitzer-Schule", a special school for learning assistance, in Mainz-Kostheim was able to move into its new main building on Passauer Straße on September 4, 1964. Teaching for the physically disabled began on September 4, 1968, initially in the Fröbelschule in Amöneburg. In 1987, the new building of the "Friedrich-von-Bodelschwingh-Schule" on the Gräselberg was finally put into operation. The school is funded by the city of Wiesbaden (60%) and the Rheingau-Taunus district (40%). From April 1966, practically-educable pupils were guests at the special school for learning assistance (Albert-Schweitzer-Schule).

It was not until September 4, 1968 that the "Johann-Hinrich-Wichern-Schule" was opened in Mainz-Amöneburg in the old Fröbelschule as a special school for the practically-educable. It was also given an all-day school section. As the number of pupils at this school continued to grow, it became necessary to divide the school and establish a second special school for the "practically educated". This new "Fluxus School" was opened in Pfälzer Straße in Wiesbaden-Biebrich in June 2007.

Following the establishment of the first two speech therapy classes at the Hebbelschule in 1951 and other preliminary stages, a new "special school for the speech and hearing impaired" was founded on Raabestraße in 1963 and given the name "Helen-Keller-Schule". At the turn of the year 1981/82, it moved to its current location in the former Landgrabenschule and became a "supra-regional special educational advice and support center" in 1994. The school's current name is "Helen-Keller-Schule/Sprachheilschule und Schule für Sehbehinderte". At the same time, it is - like the other special schools - a "special educational advice and support center", which advises the general schools on the support required in each case and supports disadvantaged pupils.