In 1927, the Mittelrheinische Flughafen GmbH, under the leadership of Joseph Aumann, began building an airport on the former Erbenheim racecourse. Since its opening on September 8, 1929, many small private airlines, including Flugdienst Mittelrhein and Luftverkehr Wiesbadne, initially used Erbenheim Airport for their scheduled flights. At the large-scale flight day on 01.06.1930, eight female pilots also came together at Erbenheim airfield for a skills test. Another highlight was the "Rhineland Liberation Flight" on July 5, 1930, when over 80 pilots landed at Erbenheim airfield, including the largest aircraft at the time, the Junkers G 38, with a delegation from the Reichstag and Reich government on board.

After the National Socialists came to power and the associated increase in rearmament, the civilian use of the airfield came to an end. In 1935, the German Air Force began converting the airfield and on October 15, 1937, the first units moved into Erbenheim airfield. During the Second World War, various Luftwaffe divisions were stationed at Erbenheim. Fighter Wing 53 "Pik As", units of Fighter Wing 27 and, for a few months in 1943, Fighter Group 50 also had Erbenheim as their home airfield. In the final months of the Second World War, the airfield was increasingly the target of American bombing raids.

On 23.03.1945, American troops took over the airfield and converted it into a US Air Force base. In 1948/49, Erbenheim airfield played an important role in the airlift operation to supply Berlin. During this time, 300 tons of relief supplies were brought to Berlin from Erbenheim every day. In 1988, on the 40th anniversary of the start of the Berlin Airlift, a memorial stone was unveiled at the entrance to the airfield to commemorate this unique humanitarian operation. Its inscription reads: "This is where the "raisin bombers" took off, whose blessed load helped Berliners to overcome the blockade. Wiesbaden remembers the victims and thanks the helpers".

The relocation of the US ground forces to Wiesbaden in 2009 heralded a new era for Erbenheim airfield. The airfield is the centerpiece of the consolidation of the US Army Headquarters in Europe, the 5th Communications Command, the 66th Military Intelligence Brigade and other support units. Parallel to the reorganization of the US garrison, the infrastructure and living environment for the soldiers and their families are being expanded. On December 1, 2009, the US garrison Wiesbaden, representatives of the city of Wiesbaden and the state of Hesse as well as the American Corps of Engineers and the property management of the US garrisons in Europe broke ground for the construction of a new American housing estate. The new Erbenheim-Süd housing estate covers an area of 41 hectares and has up to 300 residential units, as well as several leisure facilities and green spaces. The 133 million dollar project was completed in summer 2012.