A town fire destroys a large part of the building fabric, and a second fire in 1561 causes similarly devastating damage.

With the appointment of a "learned" schoolmaster on January 1, a Latin school is founded, which functions as a preparatory school for the grammar school in Idstein. In 1844, it evolves into today's Diltheyschule.

On January 1, Wolf Denthener, known as Evander, is appointed an Evangelical Lutheran pastor in Wiesbaden, thus introducing the Reformation.

A vineyard is planted on the Neroberg. From 1900, the Neroberg vineyard is owned by the town. Since October 2005, it has been managed by the Hessian state wineries Kloster Eberbach.

In the course of the Peasants' Wars, the people of Wiesbaden also demand the granting of freedoms and rights by force of arms. However, their uprising failed; they also lost their previous privileges, which were not granted to them again until 1566.

Count Gerlach von Nassau and his sons found a hospital in Wiesbaden to provide accommodation and food for the sick, care for the poor and care for the elderly. It exists until 1879.

Gofryet Josib and his family are the first Jewish residents in Wiesbaden.

Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian issues the first coinage privilege for Nassau; however, only a few of the coins minted in Wiesbaden have survived.

King Adolf of Nassau founds Klarenthal Monastery, which also serves as the burial place of the Counts of Nassau of the Walram line for three generations.

The Archbishop of Mainz has the imperial city of Wiesbaden burnt down; it is assumed that it was elevated to the status of an imperial city around 1232. Wiesbaden can only gradually recover from this destruction.

The Counts of Nassau are enfeoffed with sovereign rights in and around Wiesbaden.

Einhard, Charlemagne's biographer, mentions "wisabada"; this is the earliest surviving tradition of the name Wiesbaden.

A Frankish royal court is established in Wiesbaden.

The Franks displace the Alemanni; there is evidence of a Frankish cemetery on the lower Dotzheimer Straße in the 6th century.

In the course of fortifying the Rhine border against the Germanic tribes, the construction of a city wall ("Heidenmauer") is begun; a little later, Alemanni take over the protection of the Wiesbaden area as federates.

During an invasion by the Alemanni, large parts of the Roman settlement were destroyed, as evidenced by archaeological finds.

First mention of the Roman settlement as "Aquae Mattiacorum".

The fort on the "Heidenberg" is extended and fortified in stone after it was destroyed by fire in the turmoil of the Four Emperors' Year 69 and initially only replaced by an earth fort.

Pliny the Elder mentions the hot springs in his "Naturalis historia" and thus provides the first known literary reference to Wiesbaden.

The first earth fort on the "Heidenberg" is documented by archaeological finds, after which the construction of Roman thermal baths begins.