Among the victims of the persecution were Lord Mayor Georg Krücke, who resigned in June 1933 after ongoing harassment, Paul Krüger, a member of the KPD parliamentary group in the city council, and the Social Democrats Konrad Arndt, Eugen Dengel, Georg Buch, Henry Schubert, Otto Witte, Eduard Höllein and Philipp Holl. From the end of February/beginning of March 1933, many Communists and Social Democrats, Christians of both denominations and Jehovah's Witnesses were arrested and harassed. Those affected were beaten and tortured, imprisoned in the police prison in Friedrichstraße or in the SA's "beating cellar" in the "Brown House" at Lessingstraße 16 or sent to concentration camps. Mistreatment, torture and death were the order of the day. For members and supporters of the SPD or KPD, including the Social Democrats Heinz Ranly and Rudolf Baum (1899-1975) and the Communists Jakob Greis and Karl Kandler, it was almost impossible and even life-threatening to rebel against the new rulers.

This also applied to people with religious convictions who displeased the National Socialist rulers. In 1940, for example, the Wiesbaden court martial sentenced two "Jehovah's Witnesses" - then known as "Serious Bible Students" - to death by firing squad. In addition, the Wiesbaden-based "Bible researcher" Wilhelmine Klees was sent to the Moringen concentration camp in 1936. The Protestant theologians Franz von Bernus, founding member of the "Pfarrernotbund" in Wiesbaden and pastor at the Bergkirche, Hermann Romberg (1886-1977), pastor from Dotzheim, and Hans Ruhl, vicar in Bierstadt, as well as the young Catholic Josef Leber from Biebrich also got into trouble because of their religious views. The lawyer Hans Buttersack also had to die for his convictions. The residents of the Catholic St. Augustine's Home of the Salesians of Don Bosco (Mainzer Straße 14) also suffered at the hands of the National Socialists. They were arrested by Gestapo officers on 22.11.1944 and their caretakers, the priests Dr. Matthias Oeffling and Joseph Heck, were imprisoned. The members of the "Swing Youth" were persecuted.

They were also ostracized, stigmatized and ultimately murdered for allegedly being "racially inferior". These included Jews, Sinti, but also the disabled and those with alleged hereditary diseases. The health authorities and the advice centers or offices for "hereditary and racial care" were entrusted with the task of registering the allegedly hereditarily burdened as completely as possible.

The Wiesbaden office, headed by the "Chairman of the Hereditary Biology Commission of the German Community Day", Wilhelm Stemmler, which was based in the State House, had access to the files of offices, schools, mental hospitals and other organizations. Male homosexuals were also persecuted. Just a few weeks after coming to power, on February 23, 1933, arrests were made and in October 1934 a special Gestapo squad was set up. Part of this "combative measure" was the establishment of a card index in which all persons who could be considered homosexual were to be recorded throughout the Reich. From 26.06.1935, the "Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring" made it possible to castrate homosexual men or to "re-educate" or "re-polarize" affected men in a concentration camp.