The former state house was built in 1903-07 according to plans by architects Friedrich Werz (1868-1953) and Paul Huber (1865-1935) as a representative building in the neo-baroque style. The front of the building is emphasized by a mighty central risalit, which with its portico lies at an obtuse angle to the two side wings. It is crowned by a triangular gable with an allegorical group of figures called "Land Nassau" by the Frankfurt sculptor Franz Krüger (1849-1912). With its high mansard roof, the risalit forms a striking urban focal point. The elaborate façade of the entire complex is made of red Main sandstone and features an ornamental frieze by sculptor Carl Wilhelm Bierbrauer running under the eaves. In 1928, the Landeshaus received its first extension in an architecturally adapted form in the west towards Gutenbergplatz.

The building was constructed as a representative administrative headquarters for the district association of the Wiesbaden administrative district. Its organs were the Nassau Municipal State Parliament with 70 deputies, the State Committee as the governing body and the State Director as the managing official, who bore the title "State Governor". In 1933, the local state parliament was dissolved, but the building continued to be used for administrative tasks. From summer 1934, the Landeshaus was the seat of the "Office for the Care of Heritage and Race". It was from here that the desk officers of the euthanasia programme organized the murder of mentally ill people or people who were classified as "inferior".

The building has housed the Hessian Ministry of Economics since 1953. In 1990/91, a semi-circular extension was added, enclosing the rear of the building in the south-west, as well as a cube-shaped extension, which was connected to the south wing of the existing building by a cylindrical staircase (architects: Bangert, Jansen, Scholz and Schultes/Berlin). In 2007, the Landeshaus was sold to the Austrian company CA Immobilien Anlagen as part of a sale of several properties owned by the state.