Wiesbaden entered into its first city partnership - also one of the oldest in the world - with Klagenfurt, the provincial capital of Carinthia, on June 30, 1930. This was followed by the partnership with Montreux on 07.10.1953. Berlin-Kreuzberg became a twin city of Wiesbaden on 23.04.1964 in the course of the erection of the Berlin Wall in 1961. Since 2001, it has also extended to the newly formed Berlin district of Kreuzberg-Friedrichshain. The town twinning with Ghent, the capital of the Belgian province of East Flanders, was concluded on 04.09.1969, while the twinning between Naurod, then still an independent municipality, and Fondettes, located near Tours, was established in 1975. The twinning relationship between Wiesbaden and Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, has existed since 30.03.1977.

A town twinning that has led to a very lively cultural exchange is the one with San Sebastián, Basque Donostia, which has existed since June 15, 1981. Wiesbaden has been twinned with Kfar Saba, 15 km west of Tel Aviv, since 16.09.1981. The town twinning with Breslau (now Wrocław) was concluded on 30.11.1987. Relations between the English spa town of Royal Tunbridge Wells and Wiesbaden go back a long way and were officially sealed on 22.04.1989. Since May 16, 1990, there has been a town twinning with Ocotal in northern Nicaragua. Shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall, representatives of Wiesbaden and Görlitz signed a twinning agreement on 01.07.1990.

In many cases, associations take care of filling the town twinning with life, such as the association "Partnership Wiesbaden - Istanbul/Fatih", which supports relations with the youngest twin city, which was sealed on 17.09.2012 with the Istanbul district of Fatih.

There is also a partnership between Wiesbaden-Biebrich and Glarus in Switzerland and a sponsorship between Wiesbaden and Karlovy Vary. Neither of these are official twin towns.