In the first decade of the 20th century, the first residential buildings were built above Dotzheim, on the "Steinkopf". A "villa district" planned on Panoramastrasse was only partially realized.

The district was significantly shaped during the so-called Third Reich. At the end of May and in October 1938, a camp of the Reich Labor Service and a barracks of the Reich Aviation Ministry were put into service. Some of the buildings of the "Kohlheck Barracks" still exist today on the grounds of the Hesse Police Academy.

In the post-war period, the buildings were used as a prison camp and to accommodate refugee families and displaced persons. The first businesses were also established here, such as Karl Neubert's glassware factory, the spinning mill of Josef Krause KG, the Geyger joinery, the Mehler construction company, the Bock locksmith's shop, as well as the newly founded Wiesbadener Graphischen Betriebe GmbH, the Wiesbaden Watchtower Society of Jehovah's Witnesses (until 1984) and the Physikalisch-Technische Werkstätten of Prof. Dr. Ing. Walter Heimann.

As part of the City of Wiesbaden's emergency housing construction program, blocks of houses, individual houses and commercial enterprises were built from 1948 onwards, and many of the housing estates were built through self-help. In the post-war period, the Hessian Police School was established in Kohheck. Residential buildings on the "Schönberg", in the area of Helmholtzstraße on the west side of Langendellschlag, the "Nerobergblick" housing complex and settlements in Greifstraße, Holländische Straße and Zugspitzstraße followed.

The first construction phase of the Kohlheckschule was built in 1957-59 and the second in 1965. The Catholic Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary and the Protestant Paul Gerhardt Church were consecrated in 1966 and 1969 respectively. Members of the New Apostolic congregation were able to move into their place of worship in 1974. Several kindergartens as well as retirement and nursing homes for the elderly were founded.

Kohlheck is closely linked to Alt-Dotzheim, not least politically through the joint local council. The citizens' association (KBV), founded in 1986, has made many social, cultural and sporting activities possible by expanding the Kohlheck Forum and traditionally organizes the Köhlerfest, Köhlerball, Christmas and Easter markets as well as festive wine evenings in the district.