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Environment, nature and climate

Nature reserve Hangwiesen Aussicht/Lerchenberg in Bierstadt

The nature reserve in Bierstadt protects the cultural landscape with nightingales and heath carnations.

Information board with photos and nature reserve sign, with a tree behind it. View over a vast green landscape with a blue sky.
View of the information board and the nature reserve

The riedel landscape of the Wiesbadener Vortaunus is characterized by the small mountain ridges running from north to south, which are divided by the floodplains of the Lindenbach, Wäschbach, Wickerbach, Medenbach and Klingenbach valleys. From west to east, the Kitzelberg-Bingert-Riedel is followed by the Heßlocher Riedel, Steinkopf-Riedel, Bauwald-Riedel, Hockenberg-Riedel and Seyriedel, i.e. the landscape area between Sonnenberg and Breckenheim/Wildsachsen below the Wiesbaden Taunus slope. This particular type of landscape is finely structured by the relief and contains a high degree of site diversity. This is made clear by the small-scale, highly varied soil communities, a prerequisite for the diversity of vegetation. This applies in particular to the Kitzelberg-Bingert-Riedel and its eastern slope. The following soil types alternate here in small areas: Pararendzina, from loess loam, deep; Parabraunerde-Pseudogley, medium to slightly eroded, from solifluction debris, medium, locally deep; Ranker-Braunerde from Pliocene gravel material, shallow; Parbraunerde, strongly eroded, partly podzolic, from debris, shallow; Brown Coluvium predominantly from loess loam (redeposited, deep).

History of use and current condition

The history of use of the area under investigation is closely linked to the history of the Lindentaler Hof. The Hofgewann, Bingert and Aussicht districts were largely unsuitable for arable farming and were mostly used as pastureland after the Thirty Years' War. Before that and before the last deserted period in the Middle Ages, the area was probably part of the large sheep pastures (heaths). It was not until the middle of the 19th century, with the construction of the road from Bierstadt to Eppstein (today's route of the B 455) and the intensification of agriculture, that some of the flatter areas and the Bingert plain were converted into farmland. The steeper areas (uneven relief) were reserved for meadow use and grazing. The meadow slopes of the Aussicht district are unlikely to have been plowed over in the last four centuries. This is supported above all by the discovery of many characteristic species for typical and high-quality rough pastures (according to an evaluation of the Großmann flora and a mapping from 1990), as they were once widespread in the Riedellandschaft. The recent history of use of the study area shows a strong change in the landscape in this area. In the 1970s, the riding arena of the Kloppenheim riding and driving club was built on the elevated area directly adjacent to the B 455. The remaining hillside meadows were regularly used by a Kloppenheim transhumance sheep farm until 1998. In the 1970s to 1990s, many people knew this part of the landscape as a so-called glider meadow (for model airplanes). Only the designation of large parts of Wiesbaden's outer area as a landscape conservation area and the afforestation of the upper part of the meadow slope as a replacement afforestation for the construction of Frankfurt Airport's Runway West forced this hobby use to be abandoned. The area has been in succession since 2000.

Species occurrence Flora and development potential

The hillside meadows in the Aussicht/Lerchenberg district are in an advanced state of succession. Around half of the grassland is loosely overgrown with predominantly thermophilic shrubs such as creeping and twiggy hawthorn, red elder and buckthorn as well as wild roses. In more humid areas, black elderberry and prickly pear prevail. In some places, wild plums are interspersed in the bushes. During the follow-up survey in 2015, 5 wild rose species (ssp) were identified: Rosa tomentosa (felt rose) - Rosa gallica (vinegar rose) - Rosa canina (dog rose) - Rosa pimpinellifolia ssp pim. (prickly rose) - Rosa dumetorum (dog rose). The evaluation of the flora by Großmann (1960) and Abt (1990) and the follow-up survey of grassland species from 2014/15 confirm the assumption that these are clearly the remnants of the bunchgrass-rich pinnate willow (Gentiamo-Koeleretum agrostietum tenuis) also determined by KORNECK in 1960. This plant community is also extremely endangered and rare in our area due to the lack of transhumance. This applies in particular to the eastern pre-Taunus landscape of Wiesbaden. In 2015, the indicator species Bromus erectus, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Primula veris, Ononis repens, Centaurium erythraea, Cirsium acaule, Hippocrepis comosa and Eryngium campestre were also recorded. The following typical formation of the plant community for the Taunus can be expected at this site: The development potential with regard to the restoration of this now very rare meadow community is considered to be good. The resumption of grassland management through basic production in winter (mulching) as well as annual mowing - initially a two-bay meadow and the later introduction of extensive grazing with light animal breeds - is suitable for activating the remaining seed potential of the above-mentioned plant species. The areas have largely not been fertilized in the past, nor have the meadows been ploughed or treated with herbicides. Part of the slope (Lerchenberg area) is in a state of overgrazing. The conversion of these pasture areas to extensive use will also lead to success.

Species occurrence Fauna and development potential

According to the 2010 survey of the various animal species groups by the Horch/Wedra specialist office, the study area is an important refuge for a number of butterflies, grasshoppers and bird species. For the latter species group, meadow pipit, goldcrest, nightingale, whitethroat, hedge warbler, rattling warbler, yellowhammer, skylark and tree sparrow were identified as breeding birds. A possible occurrence of the wryneck could not be confirmed in 2015. In 2015, Mr. Rosenberg, HGON-Wiesbaden, identified the red-backed shrike as a breeding bird species. The area is of great importance for butterflies and grasshopper species. This applies in particular to all thermophilic species on the Horch/Wedra survey list. The restoration of the semi-arid grassland and the isolation and partial suppression of the shrubs, while at the same time promoting thermophilic solitary shrubs (rare wild rose species, promotion of reinforced shrubs), will increase the species diversity of shrubs and the attractiveness for specialized shrub-breeders. The expansion of extensive grassland areas provides an ideal habitat for grasshopper and butterfly species in particular.

Protection goal

The purpose of protection is the development, conservation and protection of an extensively used grassland-woodland complex on a dry and warm site in the Wiesbadener Vortaunus sub-unit of the Vortaunus natural area, eastern slope of the Kitzelberg-Bingert-Riedel: "Hangwiesen Aussicht/Lerchenberg nature reserve in Wiesbaden Bierstadt". The protection and development are particularly aimed at the species-rich acidophilous semi-dry grassland in the form of an extensively used meadow slope. The protection and maintenance objective is to preserve and develop this biotope complex by ensuring extensive meadow use while at the same time preserving individual heat-loving shrubs as a habitat for shrub-breeding birds and Red List species of grasshoppers and butterflies.

Description of the need for protection

The study area has been undergoing succession for around 20 years. With each year of woodland growth, the remaining grassland area becomes smaller as a habitat for rare plant species on the Red List. This also makes it considerably more difficult to restore the formerly species-rich semi-arid grassland. At present, it is still possible to restore the meadow slope with relatively simple technical effort. Succession to a forest community also means a loss of habitat for shrubland breeders, which are dependent on semi-open landscapes with solitary shrubs. We hardly find this type of biotope in today's cultivated landscape. An important habitat would also be lost, especially for red-listed grasshopper species such as the short-winged grasshopper (RLH 3), meadow grasshopper (RLH 3) and large golden grasshopper (RLH 3). In addition to the abandonment of use, the area is mainly affected by the storage (recreational use) of the meadow slope and damage caused by foot traffic on various paths.

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