The Counts of Nassau held jurisdiction in Wiesbaden from the end of the 13th century; however, it is not known where death sentences were carried out during this time. In the 15th century, the place of execution was located "auf dem Salz", i.e. on today's Mainzer Straße, roughly in the area of the later abattoir. In 1524, this was referred to as the "old gallows"; from 1562, the place of execution was located on Leberberg.

It was here that those sentenced to death were put to death by the sword or rope. The wheel was one of the particularly cruel methods of execution. Impalement, which was often imposed on child murderers, was usually only carried out after the execution. There was also the punishment of expulsion from the country, which was often combined with public stoning and branding. The delinquents awaited their punishment in prison; in 1510, a new prison with a torture chamber was built on the Niederpforte. There were numerous honor and corporal punishments, which were rigorously applied, especially in the second half of the 18th century, e.g. corporal punishment, which was carried out on the steps of the town hall. Honorary punishments included the muzzle and standing in the stocks or in the pillory. The person sentenced to the punishment of breaking was chained to the stick at the town fountain/market fountain, where he had to remain for half an hour or a whole hour. Both this punishment and the muzzle were primarily carried out on women. During the muzzling, the beggar bailiff led the delinquent through all the streets of the town, or the woman sentenced to the muzzle had to stand in front of the town hall. The least dishonorable punishment was standing in a muzzle. The iron was initially attached to a house on the market square; after the town hall was rebuilt, it was located to the right of the main entrance.

How a day of justice was conducted is recorded from the year 1718. The so-called blood court was set up on the market square opposite the town hall in front of the Zum Ochsen, a former Burgmannenhaus. It consisted of a long table covered with red cloth, at which the mayor and aldermen, flanked by the militia, took their seats. This was followed by the speeches of the prosecutor and defense counsel in formulaic phrases, the blood judge or chief alderman showed the verdict already drawn up to the aldermen, the actuary read it out, the baton was broken and the accused was handed over to the executioner. The militia and riders accompanied the condemned man to the place of execution. The owners of the court of the nobles of Wiesbaden had to follow the condemned man to the place of execution and drive him if he fainted. The Tiefenthaler Hof had to bring the gallows ladder to the place of execution, the Schultheißen of the town and the villages, with the exception of Kloppenheim, had to erect the ladder. The executioner was usually brought in from Mainz on a case-by-case basis.

From 1767 onwards, the court no longer met in public but in the courtyard of the castle. The gallows were abolished in 1816. The last public execution in Wiesbaden was carried out on October 8, 1835. At that time, the place of execution was outside the city gates on the parade ground on the road to Langenschwalbach (today: Bad Schwalbach) near the former Klarenthal monastery. The shoemaker Kaspar Reitz was sentenced to death by the sword for murder by the Court and Court of Appeal in Usingen on September 26, 1834. The last execution ever took place on 04.04.1887 in the courtyard of the district court prison. Executioner Krauts from Berlin executed the murderers Heinrich Andel and Josef Mallmann with a hand axe.