Until 2002, the state central banks, most of which were founded in 1948, were the central banks of the individual states of the Federal Republic of Germany. As legally independent central banks on their own territory, they formed a federal two-tier central banking system together with the Bank deutscher Länder. Since November 1, 1992, there have only been nine state central banks for 16 states. Due to the structural reform of the Bundesbank in 2002, the name Landeszentralbank was dropped. As head offices, they are now independent administrative subdivisions within the Deutsche Bundesbank.

Wiesbaden's Landeszentralbank was initially located in a prestigious building at Luisenstraße 21, which was built at the end of the 19th century as a residential and administrative building in the Wilhelminian style. During the Second World War, parts of the façade on the street side in particular were destroyed. After the end of the war, the building was rebuilt in 1947/48 as the Landeszentralbank Hessen, whereby the multi-faceted Wilhelminian style façade had to make way for a simpler design. It remained the headquarters of the Landeszentralbank until the 1980s, and the lettering Landeszentralbank can still be seen above the entrance. After the premises were no longer sufficient, the Landeszentralbank moved into a new building at Mainzer Straße 14, which was built in 1979 according to plans by Prof. Erich Schneider-Wessling (Cologne). This building has also been abandoned in the meantime, so that there is no longer a corresponding administrative office in Wiesbaden. In 2007, the former Landeszentralbank building in Luisenstrasse was sold; it was renovated and converted for office purposes by the end of 2008.