The Hessian State Parliament has been the parliament of the federal state of Hesse since 1946 and is based in the former city palace in Wiesbaden. The first Hessian state parliament election after the Second World War took place on 01.12.1946.

As the elected representative of all citizens of Hesse, the Hessian state parliament has a prominent position among the constitutional bodies. Only it can pass state laws and is responsible for monitoring the state government and administration. The Hessian State Parliament also elects the Minister President and other bodies such as the Hessian State Court of Justice and the State Court of Audit.

As a rule, the Hessian state parliament consists of 110 MPs who are elected directly in their constituencies by the first vote or enter parliament via the state lists of their parties after the second votes have been counted. The MPs of a party come together to form a parliamentary group whose main task is to prepare decisions and statements for committee work and plenary debates. Committees on specific subject areas, e.g. finance or economics, discuss draft legislation and motions and prepare recommendations for the final decision in plenary.

At the beginning of the parliamentary term, the plenary elects the President of the Landtag, who, according to parliamentary custom, belongs to the strongest parliamentary group. The President of Parliament represents the Hessian Parliament and conducts its business. He chairs the plenary debates alternately with the Vice-Presidents and is responsible for ensuring that deliberations and votes are conducted correctly in accordance with the Rules of Procedure of the Hessian Parliament. He exercises domiciliary rights and police powers in the Hessian State Parliament and also manages the parliamentary administration with around 250 employees.