The Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB) is a state research institute that reports to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. It was founded in 1973 and moved to the premises of the former main customs office at Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 4 in 1996. The institute currently employs around 40 people, including 29 scientific staff from various disciplines. There is an administrative partnership with the Federal Statistical Office.

The Institute is concerned with the causes and effects of demographic change in Germany. Its main tasks include basic research in demographic science as well as policy advice and knowledge transfer for the general public. The BiB also supports the Federal Government in international cooperation on population issues, e.g. at the United Nations. An 18-member Board of Trustees, consisting of nine academic members, seven representatives from the federal ministries and two from the state chancelleries of the federal states, supports and approves the Institute's research program.

Scientific research is divided into four specialist areas and focuses on the following:

Generative behavior and changes in lifestyles, spatial mobility and migration, challenges and opportunities of an aging society, observation and documentation of demographic development.

One of the BiB's most important publications is the "Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft", which appears in German and English under the title "Comparative Population Studies (CPoS)". It is a scientific journal on the subject of demography, population and family. The Institute also publishes other publications and brochures on demographic change in Germany.